Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770
(after A.L. Kroeber 1925). Adapted from Heizer (1966: Map 4).

A detailed key appears below the map.

Key (Note: some designations have changed since Kroeber's 1925 compilation)

Athabascan Family Oregon Group     1a. Rogue River Tolowa Group     1b. Tolowa. Hupa Group     1c. Hupa     1d. Whilkut Matole Group     1e. Matole Wailaki Group     1f. Nongatl     1g. Lassik     1h. Shelter Cove Sinkyone     1i. Lolangkok Sinkyone     1j. Eel River Wailaki     1k. Pitch Wailaki     1l. North Fork Wailaki     1m. Kato Bear River Group     1n. Bear River Algonkin Family Yurok     2a. Yurok     2b. Coast Yurok     3. Wiyot Yukian Family     4a. Yuki     4b. Huchnom     4c. Coast Yuki     4d. Wappo

Hokan Family Shastan     6a. Shasta     6b. New River Shasta     6c. Konomihu     6d. Okwanuchu     6e. Achomawi (Pit River)     6f. Atsugewi (Hat Creek) Yana     7a. Northern Yana     7b. Central Yana     7c. Southern Yana     7d. Yahi     8. Karok     9. Chimariko Pomo     10a. Northern     10b. Central     10c. Eastern     10d. Southeastern     10e. Northeastern     10f. Southern     10g. Southwestern     11. Washo     12. Esselen Salinan     13a. Antoniano     13b. Migueleño     13c. Playano (doubtful) Chumash     14a. Obispeño     14b. Purisimeño     14c. Ynezeño     14d. Barbareño     14e. Ventureño     14f. Emigdiano     14g. Cuyama     14h. Island Yuman     15a. Northern (Western)                 Diegueño     15b. Mountain Diegueño     15c. Southern (Eastern or                 Desert) Diegueño     15d. Kamia     15e. Yuma     15f. Halchidhoma & Kohuana                 (now Chemehuevi)     15g. Mohave

Penutian Family Wintun   Dialect Groups     16a. Northern (Wintu)     16b. Central (Nomlaki)     16c. Hill (Patwin)     16d. River (Patwin) Maidu   Dialect Groups     17a. Northeastern     17b. Northwestern     17c. Southern (Nisenan) Miwok     18a. Coast     18b. Lake     18c. Bay (Saclan)     18d. Plains     18e. Northern Sierra     18f. Central Sierra     18g. Southern Sierra Costanoan     19a. San Pablo (Karkin)     19b. San Francisco     19c. Santa Clara     19d. Santa Cruz     19e. San Juan Bautista (Mutsun)     19f. Rumsen (Monterey)     19g. Soledad Yokuts   Dialect Groups     20a. Northern Valley (Chulamni,                 Chauchila, etc.)     20b. Southern Valley (Tachi,                 Yauelmani, etc.)     20c. Northern Hill (Chukchansi,                 etc.)     20d. Kings River (Chionimni, etc.)     20e. Tule-Kaweah (Yaudanchi, etc.)     20f. Poso Creek (Paleuyamni)     20g. Buena Vista (Tulamni, etc.) Modoc     20h. Modoc

Uto-Aztekan (Shoshonean) Family Plateau Branch   Mono-Bannock Group     21a. Northern Paiute (Paviotso)     21b. Owens Valley Paiute     21c. Mono Lake Paiute     21d. Monache (Western Mono)   Shoshoni-Comanche Group     21e. Panamint Shoshone (Koso)   Ute-Chemehuevi Group     21f, Chemehuevi (Southern Paiute)     21g. Kawaiisu (Tecachapi) Kern River Branch     21h. Tübatulabal (& Bankalachi) Southern California Branch   Serrano Group     21i. Kitanemuk (Tajon)     21j. Alliklik     21k. Möhineyam (Vanyume)     21l. Serrano   Gabrielino Group     21m. Fernandeño     21n. Gabrielino     21o. Nicholeño   Luiseño-Cahuilla Group     21p. Juaneño     21q. Luiseño     21r. Cupeño     21s. Pass Cahuilla     21t. Mountain Cahuilla     21u. Desert Cahuilla